Offensive/Defensive Cyber falls under which type of operations?

The classification of Offensive/Defensive Cyber as part of Cyberspace Operations is accurate due to the nature of these activities. Cyberspace Operations encompass a wide range of activities that utilize cyberspace to achieve objectives, including both offensive and defensive measures. Offensive Cyber involves actions taken to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information in the adversary's cyberspace environment. This could include hacking into enemy systems to gather intelligence or deploy malware, ultimately aimed at influencing the outcome of military or strategic objectives.

Defensive Cyber, on the other hand, focuses on protecting one’s own networks and systems from cyber threats. This may involve monitoring, detecting, and responding to cyber incidents to safeguard information and ensure operational continuity.

The broader context of Cyberspace Operations also includes aspects of information assurance, network management, and policy, which are integral to maintaining a secure and effective cyberspace environment. Therefore, categorizing Offensive/Defensive Cyber actions within Cyberspace Operations aligns well with the definitions provided by military doctrine, where cyberspace is increasingly recognized as a domain of warfare that requires both offensive and defensive strategies to effectively engage in modern conflict.